Quick Facts on Persistent Depressive Disorder

Persistent depressive disorder, also called dysthymia, is a form ofchronic

chronic

A continuing or recurring condition that can be characterized by either persistent symptoms or the reappearance of symptoms after periods of otherwise normal function.

depression, with symptoms less severe but longer lasting than other forms of depression. It is a newdiagnosis

diagnosis

A specific set of signs and symptoms that together define a disorder. For psychiatric disorders, the criteria are based on standards established in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).

that combines two earlier diagnoses: dysthymia and chronic majordepressive episode.

depressive episode

A distinct period of depressed mood that may also be accompanied by an inability to concentrate, changed sleep patterns, inappropriate guilt, profound sadness, crying, and feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. There is a high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors during a depressive episode

Since symptoms are less acute than major depressive disorder, it may go unnoticed for some time.

• Irritability or a depressed mood most of the time for more than a year
• Inability to take pleasure and perform well in the activities of daily life
• Behavior problems
• Poor performance at school
• Low self-esteem
• Difficulty interacting with other children in social situations
• Poor appetite or overeating
• Trouble sleeping
• Persistent tiredness or lack of energy
• Hopelessness
• Trouble concentrating
• Difficulty making decisions

Treatment for persistent depressive disorder include medications and psychotherapy. A combination of the two is believed to be the most effective treatment. Psychotherapy includescognitive behavioral therapy

cognitive behavioral therapy

A therapeutic approach that teaches individuals how to control their thoughts so they can better manage their unwanted feelings and prevent troublesome behaviors.

and interpersonal therapy. Medications include selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors

reuptake inhibitors

Medications that increase the supply of neurotransmitters in the brain by blocking their re-absorption and rapid destruction.

(SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

Read more about treatment for depression.